TYPE. Pl. Hartw. 262. 1846. Type: Ecuador. Pichincha: Hacienda de Antisana, Hartweg 1455 (lectotype: K, designated by Alexeev, Novosti Sist. Vyss.Rast. 23: 18.1986; isolectotype: B, BM, NY (ex K), P, W).

DESCRIPTION. Dense tussocks (25-)50-80 cm tall; innovations intravaginal; culms erect, finely scabrid or glabrous, with one basal node and 2 leaves. Sheaths coriaceous, firm, stramineous (or greyish), glabrous (or finely scabrid); ligule coriaceous-membranous, two-lobed, shortly ciliate, (0.5-)1-2.5 mm long; leaf blades linear, involute, pungent, 10-60 cm long, 0.4-0.8 in diameter, rough, green to glaucescent. Panicle usually contracted, dense, lanceolate to oblong, some times spreading, (6-)12-35 long, 1-2(-10) cm wide; branches finely scabrid. Spikelets 6.5-9 mm long, ovate, with 3-5 florets; rachilla covered (densely) by hairs; glumes coriaceous-membranous, acute, green or purplish-green, upper third (or all) scabrous, nerves prominent; lower glume lanceolate, (3-)3.5-4.5(-5.5) mm long, 1-nerved; upper glume oblong, 4-5.5(-6) mm long, 3-nerved; lemmas 5-6.5(-8) mm long, 5-nerved, coriaceous-membranous (on margins), oblong-lanceolate, purplish-green, densely scabrid to rough on all surfaces, shortly two-dentate, with awn 0.5-2.5 mm long; callus glabrous; palea membranous, lanceolate, two-carinate, at least upper third and along keels scabrid to hairy, two-dentate, as long as lemma (or longer); lodicules obovate, two-dentate, about 1.1 mm long; stamens 3, anthers (2.1-)2.4-2.8(3.2) mm; ovary apex glabrous. Caryopsis oblong-lanceolate; hilum linear, 4/5 of total.

LEAF SECTION. Leaf section with 7 vascular bundles and 5 ribs above; sclerenchyma under abaxial epidermis continuous with all or almost all vascular bundles, adaxial sclerenchyma present at 3 vascular bundles and forming girders. (about 30% of studied specimens with 9-13 vascular bundles forming 7-11 ribs and with 3-6 girders); abaxial epidermis densely covered by prickles, hairs more or lees dense on adaxial epidermis, 0.1-0.2 mm long.

DISTRIBUTION & HABITAT. Dominant species of grass páramo, at an altitude of 2900-3700 m. Known from vaRíous plant communities such as Com. Agrostis cf. haenkeana CUATRECASAS 1934, Calamagrostio effusae-Calamagrostietum macrophyllae DUQUE & RANGEL 1989, Aciachne acicularis-Calamagrostis intermedia VERWEIJ 1995, Ugno myricoidis-Espeletietum hartwegianae RANGEL & ARIZA 2000, Espeletio hartwegianae-Calamagrostietum effusae SALAMANCA 1991 y Calamagrostis effusa y Espeletia hartwegiana ssp. centroandina RANGEL & FRANCO 1985. The species is known from Peru, Ecuador and Colombia. In Colombia spread only in southern part of Cordillera Central (Nariño, Cauca).

OBSERVATIONS. This species is close to F. tolucensis, differing in leaf structure, ligule longitude and some spikelet characteristics. It is highly variable species which is often dominants or co-dominant of grass-Páramo. The variation (in form and size of panicle and floral parts) has no simpletaxonomic interpretation and it is probably a result of the diversity of natural conditions and of Páramo management, i.e., burning and grazing. Characters, such as two-dentate lemmas with a relatively long awn and finely scabrous leaves, show high stability and low range of variation. After comparing types of Peruvian species F. cajamarcae and F. ferreyrae with F. subulifolia, was concluded that they represens the same species and than these names are considered synonymous.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. COLOMBIA. Cauca. Macizo Colombiáno, Valle de las Papas, alrededores de Valencia, 3500-3700 m, 15-IX-1981, Idrobo et al. 3834 (COL, P, US); Hda. Los Andes, 3150 m, 17-IX-1958, Barclay 5865 (COL); alrededores de la Laguna de Cusiyaco, 3360 m, 7-X-1958, Barclay & Juajibioy 5942 (COL, MO); Barclay & Juajibioy 5945 (COL, MO, US); Barclay & Juajibioy 6052 (COL, MO). Mun. Popayan, PNN Puracé, Volcano Puracé, 76º23.65’W, 02º20.07’N, 4200-4300 m, 6-VII-2000, STANČÍK 3609 (COL, PRC); Pilimbalá, 76º24.06’W, 02º22.1N, 3350 m, 6-VII-2000, STANČÍK 3608 (COL, PRC); 3450 m, 2-IV-1939 , Kjell von Sneidern 2144 (K, US). Páramo del Puracé, E slope, around Laguna San Rafael, 3320 m, 11-X-1961, Cuatrecasas & Willard 26292 (COL, US); 3300 m, 27-XII-1988, Ortiz 1272 (COL); Laguna San Rafael, 3300 m, 6-IV-1985, Wood 4806 (COL, K); Wood 4807 (COL, K). Páramo El Hinchadera, 3700 m, 24-VII-1943, Cuatrecasas 14694 (US, VALLE). Cabeceras del Río Paéz, Laguna del Paéz, 3450 m, 4-XII-1944, Cuatrecasas 19059 (US, MO, VALLE). Páramo de Moras, 9-III-1999, STANČÍK 2685 (COL, PRC); 3000-3500 m, II-1906, Pittier 1409 (US). Mt. Pan de Azucar, 3500-3700 m, 16-VI-1922, Pennell 7057 (US). Nariño. El Encano, km 6 in direction to village Colon, 2900 m, 13-III-1999, STANČÍK 2860 (COL, PRC, PSO); STANČÍK 2856 (COL, PRC). Muni. Guachucal, vereda Quetanbu, Páramo Infiernillo, 3200 m, 9-III-1999, STANČÍK 2618 (COL, PRC, PSO); STANČÍK 2613 (COL, PRC, PSO); STANČÍK 2619 (COL, PRC, PSO); STANČÍK 2631 (COL, PRC); STANČÍK 2617 (COL, PRC, PSO); STANČÍK 2659 (COL, PRC, PSO); STANČÍK 2657 (COL, PRC, PSO); STANČÍK 2658 (COL, PRC); STANČÍK 2656 (COL, PRC, PSO). Mun. Pasto - páramo Puerto frío, between villages Las Almas and Alisales, 2900 m, 14-III-1999, STANČÍK 2876 (COL, PRC, PSO). Mun. Pasto, Volcano de Galeras, 3400 m, 16-III-1999, STANČÍK 2911 (COL, PRC, PSO); STANČÍK 2909 (COL, PRC, PSO); STANČÍK 2659 (COL, PRC, PSO); STANČÍK 2918 (COL, PRC, PSO); STANČÍK 2910 (COL, PRC, PSO); STANČÍK 2908 (COL, PRC, PSO); STANČÍK 2914 (COL, PRC); STANČÍK 2917 (COL, PRC). Volcano Galeras, 2900 m, 30-X-1980, Benavides 2660 (PSO); 3500 m, 21-III-1986, Benavides 6554 (PSO); 3400 m, 25-VIII-1964, Mora-Osejo 3195 (PSO); 3600 m, 5-II-1965, Mora-Osejo 3503 (PSO). Mun. Pasto, Morazurco, vereda San Francisco, 3100 m, 21-III-1999, STANČÍK 2962 (COL, PRC, PSO); STANČÍK 2963 (COL, PRC, PSO). Mun. Tuquerres, Volcano Azufral, vereda San Roque Alto, 3600 m, 9-III-1999, STANČÍK 2764 (COL, PRC, PSO); STANČÍK 2766 (COL, PRC); STANČÍK 2802 (COL, PRC, PSO); STANČÍK 2789 (COL, PRC); E slope, 77º40’W, 01°07’N, 3100-3300 m, 15-VI-1995, Luteyn et al. 12834 (COL, MO); 12-V-1989, Luteyn et al. 12842 (COL). Páramo Bordoncillo, 3250 m, 5-III-1963, Espinal 1035 (COL, PSO, US). Páramo de Quillinsayaco, between Pasto y Sibundoy, 15-VII-1957, Barclay 4529 (COL, MO). Cumbal, 4000 m, 19-III-1941, Kjell von Sneider 362 (US); Kjell von Sneider 435 (US), Kjell von Sneider 415 (US); N-NE slope, from vereda Las Vuertas, 3700 m, 5-IX-1999, STANČÍK 2748 (COL, PRC). Exped. Botan. Novae-Granatae, sin.loc., Mutis 5540 (MA, US). ECUADOR. Azuay. Páramo de Patococha, entre Gualaceo y Limon, 3450-3500 m, BARCLAY & JUAJIBIOY 8641 (MO, US); 78 ° 38’W, 03 ° 00’S, 3400 m, LAEGAARD et al. 103067 (AAU, QCA, QCNE). Km 45.4 W of Indanza on road to Cuenca, 3300 m, PETERSON et al. 8932 (K, MO, QCA, QCNE, US). Páramo SW of Cuenca, 79 ° 08’W, 02 ° 55’S, 3500 m, LAEGAARD 52837 (AAU, K, QCA, QCNE). Road Gualaceo - Sucua, 78 ° 40’W, 03 ° 00’S, 3450 m, LAEGAARD 53213 (AAU, QCA). Along new road Cuenca – Saraguro, km 14 N of sideroad to Nabon, 79 ° 02’W, 03 ° 12’S, 3420 m, LAEGAARD 102376 (AAU); LAEGAARD 101856 (QCA, QCNE). PN Cajas, road to Molleturo, km 38.4, 79 ° 14’W, 02 ° 46’S, 4110-4350 m, JORGENSEN et al. 2099 (MO, PRC); JORGENSEN 2074 (MO, PRC); Totorococha – Mazan Valley, 79 ° 10’W, 02 ° 53’S, 3900 m, RAMSAY & SMITH 510 (K, QCA, QCNE). Páramo de Tinajillas, ca 10 km S of Cumbe, 3300 m, HARLING 11255 (GB); km 13.7 S of Cumbe, 3470 m, PETERSON et al. 8876 (US). Laguna Torreadora, 79°13´40´´W, 02°46´50´´S, 4100-4150 m, 2-VIII-1999, PALICE 6 (PRC); PALICE 7 (PRC); PALICE 8 (PRC); STEYERMARK 53146 (F, NY, US); STEYERMARK 53182 (US). N side of Lagoon Taglococha, 79°15´W, 02°47´S, 4100-420 m, I-IX-2000, STANČÍK 3848 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3847 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3850 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3872 (PRC, QCA); between el Refúgio y Lagoon Taglacocha, 79°13´W, 02°47´S, 3900-4000 m, 1-IX-2000, STANČÍK 3864 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3865 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3862 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3863 (PRC, QCA); Lagoon Luspa, S side, 79°15´W, 02°48´S, 3850 m, 1-IX-2000, STANČÍK 3837 (PRC, QCA); Festuco-Calamagrostietum grassland, 3700 m, 21-IV-1990, PETERSON et al. 8865 (K, MO). Mun. Nabon, road Loja – Cuenca, Cerro Ungahipucera, 79°02´W, 03°12´S, 3300-3450 m, 30-VIII-2000, STANČÍK 3815 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3804 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3805 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3811 (PRC, QCA). Bolívar. Pass on road Guaranda – Riobamba, NE of road, 78 ° 50W, 01 ° 35’S, 4050-4150 m, LAEGAARD 71739 (AAU, QCNE); LAEGAARD 71741 (AAU, QCNE); LAEGAARD 55001 (AAU, QCA). Highway Ambato - Guaranda km 55.4, 4050 m, PETERSON et al. 8983 (MO, QCA, QCNE, US); PETERSON et al. 8985 (K, MO, QCA, QCNE, US). Cañar. At the antennas of Culebrillas, ca 17 km from Panamericana, 78 ° 57’W, 02 ° 26’S, 4000 m, LAEGAARD 21016 (AAU, LOJA). Road Cañar – Chunchi, 78 ° 59’W, 02 ° 24’S, 3200 m, LAEGAARD 53834 (AAU, QCA, QCNE); nudo de Cordillera Oriental and Occidental, 3240 m, BARCLAY & JUAJIBIOY 8325 (COL, US). Km 11.4 NW of Tambo, S facing slope, 3220 m, PETERSON et al. 8846 (QCNE). Carchi. Chiles, cerca de la población Chiles, 3200 m, 30-X-1955, Fernández-Pérez 2931 (COL). Páramo del Angel, sector Los Voladores, 77 ° 53’W, 00 ° 41’N, 3700-3750 m, LAEGAARD 101264A (AAU, QCA); LAEGAARD 53125 (AAU, QCA, QCNE); HARLINGTON 4067 (S); DAVALOS 21 (US); DAVALOS 28 (US); LAEGAARD 55771 (AAU, QCA); HOLM-NIELSEN 5427 (AAU, COL, F, MO, S); GRIGNON 84189 (AAU); HOLM-NIELSEN 5383 (F); ACOSTA-SOLİS 10538 (US); BENOIST 4636 (P). Km 13 on road Las Juntas – El Angel, 77 ° 50’W, 00 ° 43’N, 3380 m, LAEGAARD 101726B (AAU, QCA, QCNE); ASPLUND 7055 (S); ASPLUND 17022 (S). Km 4 W of Tufiño, Monte Redondo area, 3475 m, LUTEYN & LUTEYN 5713 (AAU, MO, NY, US). NE of Road El Angel towards Tulcan, 3240 m, PETERSON et al. 9122 (K, MO, QCA, QCNE, US); PETERSON et al. 9127 (K, MO, QCA, QCNE, US); PETERSON et al. 9140 (K, MO, QCA, US). Nudo de Boliche – Voladero, 3900 m, PENLAND & SUMMERS 889 (F). Road Tulcan - El Carmelo, 3300 m, HARLING & ANDERSSON 12538 (GB). Volcano Chiles, around Laguna Verde, 77°56´W, 00°48´N, 4000 m, 14-VII-1999, STANČÍK 3240 (PRC, QCA). Chimborazo. PN Sangay – comunidad Alao – Llactapamba, 78 ° 28’W, 01 ° 58’S, 3500 m, CERON et al. 11813 (MO, QCNE). Altar, Collanes valley, 78 ° 24’W, 01 ° 40’S, 4200 m, RAMSAY & SMITH 422 (K); WHYMPER 1638 (K); Panamerica Highway Riobamba – Ambato, 78 ° 42’W, 01 ° 30’S, 3500 m, LAEGAARD 55401 (AAU, QCA). W of pass Alao – Huamboya, 78 ° 25’W, 01 ° 48’S, 3750-3800 m, LAEGAARD 55417 (AAU, QCA). E of Guardiana Alao, km 8.5 via Huamboya, 3350-3550 m, PETERSON et al. 9189 (MO, US). Páramo de Chacheaco, E de Chunchi, 3800 m, BARCLAY & JUAJIBIOY 8264 (MO, US). Daldal Valley E of Licto, km 10, 78 ° 32’W, 01 ° 48’S, 3850 m, RAMSAY et al. 1057 (QCA). Mt. Chimborazo, E slope, 4250 m, ASPLUND 8402 (NY, QCA, S); ASPLUND 7880 (F, S). Road to Pallatanga, km 10 E of Lago Colta, 3725 m, PETERSON et al. 9215 (QCA, QCNE, US). Along Whymper road, ca 10 km S of Cruce de los Arenales, 78 ° 52’W, 01 ° 30’S, 4100 m, LAEGAARD 19148 (AAU, LOJA, QCNE). Chimborazo - Reserva faunistica, 78 ° 49’W, 01 ° 30’S, 4150 m, CERON et al. 19819 (QAP). Pungala – comunidad Alao, 78 ° 30’W, 01 ° 52’, CERON 28957 (QAP); along Río Alao, 78 ° 30’W, 01 ° 52’S, 3200-3400 m, LAEGAARD 55304 (AAU, QCA). Páramo de Urbina, 3600 m, ACOSTA-SOLÍS 21208 (US); ACOSTA-SOLÍS 21216 (US); ACOSTA-SOLĺS 21195 (US); 3600-4500 m, HITCHOCK 21951 (US); HITCHOCK 21944 (US); HITCHCOCK 22030 (NY, US); ASPLUND 7803 (S); ASPLUND 7803 (S). Road El Pocuy – El Arenal, 3800 m, ACOSTA-SOLĺS 166989 (US). Chimborazo, 4100-4400 m, RAUH & HIRSCH E331 (US); RAUH & HIRSCH E321 (US); W slope, 77 ° 50’W, 01 ° 30’S, 4000 m, RAMSAY & SMITH 1016 (K); STANČÍK 3162 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3164 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3169 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3189 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3190 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3193 (PRC, QCA); NNW side of Volcano, above vereda Río Colorado, 4150 m, 2-VII-1999, STANČÍK 3176 (PRC, QCA); E side, 3480 m, BARCLAY & JUAJIBIOY 8819 (COL, MO, US); 3500 m, BARCLAY & JUAJIBIOY 8162 (COL, MO, US); sector Cruce de los Arenales, 78°54´06´´W, 01°28´14.6´´S, 4300 m, 20-IX-2000, STANČÍK 3716 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3705B (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3707 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3708 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3709 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3714 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3715 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3717 (PRC, QCA).. Bosque Andino de Cubillin, 3300-3400 m, ACOSTA-SOLÍS 7554 (US). Páramo along the road to Guaranda, 4150 m, ASPLUND 8191 (S). Road Pallatanga – Cajabamba, km 47 from Pallatanga, 3750-3800 m, ØLLGAARD & BALSLEV 8926 (AAU, F, MO, NY). Road to lago Colta, km 9 NE of San Juan, 3600 m, PETERSON et al. 9245 (K, MO, QCA, QCNE, US). Entre Culebrillas y Yanayacu, 3300-3450 m, ACOSTA-SOLÍS 7623 (F, S, US); ACOSTA-SOLÍS 7614 (F, US). Cotopaxi. PN Cotopaxi, falda NNW, 4000 m, EHRENBURG 1 (QCA); EHRENBURG 27 (QCA); EHRENBURG 36 (QCA); falda N de Cotopaxi, 4000 m, BALSLEV et al. 3675 (QCA); BALSLEV et al. 3733 (QCA); BALSLEV et al. 3734 (QCA); BALSLEV 3738 (QCA); NP Cotopaxi entrance, 78°31´W, 00°39´S, 3530 m, 28-IX-2000, STANČÍK 3888 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3889 (PRC, QCA); SE slope of Cotopaxi, 78°24.5´W, 00°37´S, 3800-3900 m, 28-IX-2000, STANČÍK 3882 (PRC, QCA). E of Loma Ingapirca, 78 ° 30’W, 00 ° 40’S, 4000 m, BALSLEV et al. 3435 (QCA); BALSLEV et al. 3437 (MO, QCA, US); BALSLEV et al. 3438 (QCA). Cerro Sinfana, 78 ° 28’W, 00 ° 40’S, CERON 12609 (QAP). Railway station Cotopaxi, 3500 m, ASPLUND 16807 (S); 3400 m, ASPLUND 6471 (F, MO, S, US); 3500 m, ASPLUND 18286 (S); ASPLUND 6369 (F, S); PETERSON 8721 (K, MO, QCA, QCNE, US). Quebrada de Agua Longo, 78 ° 30’W, 00 ° 40’S, 3000 m, CERON 18088 (QAP). Laguna Limpiopungo, 3800 m, PETERSON et al. 8744 (K, MO, QCA, QCNE, US); LAEGAARD 55748 (AAU); along road of pine-plantation, 78 ° 27’W, 00 ° 37’S, 3435 m, LAEGAARD 52107 (AAU, QCA, QCNE); LAEGAARD 69261 (AAU); MUÑOZ 207 (QCA). Quebrada de Agualongo, 3400 m, MONTESDEOCA 585 (AAU); MONTESDEOCA 295 (AAU); MONTESDEOCA 282 (AAU); MONTESDEOCA 348 (AAU); MONTESDEOCA 280 (QCA); MONTESDEOCA 284 (QCA); MONTESDEOCA 339 (QCA); 78 ° 30’W, 00 ° 40’S, 4550 m, ARGÜELLO 348 (QCA); ARGÜELLO 354 (QCA); ARGÜELLO 357 (QCA); DE VRIES s.n. (AAU). Hacienda Pauzacha S of Volcano Cotopaxi, 78 ° 29’W, 00 ° 44’S, 3650 m, LAEGAARD 55734 (AAU, QCA). Cotopaxi, 3550 m, ASPLUND 6370 (AAU, F, MO, S, US); ASPLUND 6349 (AAU, F, MO, S, US); ASPLUND 6348 (AAU, F, S). Páramo de Apagua entre Zumbagua y Pilalo, 4200 m, BARCLAY & JUAJIBIOY 8085 (MO, US). Road Zumbahua – Pujili, km 33, 78 ° 48’W, 00 ° 53’S, 3850-3900 m, LAEGAARD 102103 (AAU, QCA); LAEGAARD 102100 (AAU). Angamarca road, km 5 from junction to road Latacunga – La Mana, 78 ° 55’W, 01 ° 00’S, 4000-4100 m, LAEGAARD 102134B (AAU). E of Pilalo, km 19, 3600 m, PETERSON et al. 8759 (K, MO, QCA, QCNE, US); km 21.5, 3820 m, PETERSON et al. 8770 (MO, QCA, QCNE, US). SW of El Chaupi, km 6.6 on road to base of Illinizas, 3800 m, PETERSON et al. 8951 (K, MO, QCA, QCNE, US). Canton Latacunga – Volcano Rutzalagua, 78 ° 33’W, 00 ° 57’S, 2900-3500 m, CERON & al. 25697 (QAP). Salcedo – Napo road, 78 ° 28’W, 00 ° 55’S, 3800-3850 m, LUTEYN 13452 (MO, NY, QCA, QCNE, US). Pilalo – Latacunga road, 78 ° 58’W, 00 ° 57’S, 3400 m, HOLM-NIELSEN 1485 (AAU, NY, US). Road Quevedo – Latacunga, Zumbagua, 3700 m, HARLING et al. 8924 (GB). Mulatos Páramo, lagunas, 13000 ft., PRESCOTT 656 (NY). Panamerican hgw. km 6 a Lasso, quebrada vegetation ENE Pastocalle, 3400 m, SPARRE 15828 (S). Mun. Chaupi, NE slope of Volcano Illiniza Norte, 78°43´W, 00°38´S, 4000-4050 m, 12-X-2000, STANČÍK 4032 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 4026 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 4027 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 4030 (PRC, QCA). Mun. Lasso, NP Cotopaxi, NE side of the Volcano, 78°24.26´W, 00°37.8´S, 3850 m, 21-VI-1999, STANČÍK 3119 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3146 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3147 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3149 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3151 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3152 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3153 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3155 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3884 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 4026 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3150 (PRC, QCA); around Museum, 3500 m, STANČÍK 3158 (PRC, QCA). Imbabura. Páramo Mariáno Acosta, road Yahuarcocha - Mariáno Acosta, km 20, 78º00‘W, 00º20‘S, 3650-3750 m, LAEGAARD 101181 (AAU, QCA); LAEGAARD 101164B. Laguna Grande de Mojanda, 78º17‘W, 00º08‘S, 3850 m, LAEGAARD 55635 (AAU); 15 km N of Malchinguin, S of Otavalo, 400-4500 m, GENTRY 12685 (MO); 78°16´27´´W, 00°07´57´´N, 3800 m, 19-X-2000, STANČÍK 4115 (PRC, QCA). Volcano Cayambe, S side, 78º10W, 00º15N, 4300 m, SKLENÁŘ & KOSTEČKOVÁ 1881 (AAU). Volcano Cotacachi, 78º20’W, 00º22’N, 4200-4300 m, LAEGAARD 54506 (AAU). Laguna Cuicocha, 3100-3300 m, PEÑAFIEL et al. 527 (MO, QCNE); PEÑAFIEL et al. 667 (MO, QCNE); PEÑAFIEL et al. 732 (MO, QCNE); PEÑAFIEL et al. 402 (MO, QAP, QCNE); PEÑAFIEL 1067 (QAP). Proantag, estrivaciones occidental de la Cordillera Oriental, 3500-3800 m, ACOSTA-SOLÍS 19196 (US). Hacienda Yura Cruz, 10 km N of Ibarra, 78º05’W, 00º22’N, 3700-3800 m, HOLM-NIELSEN 6462 (AAU, NY, MO, S). Quebrada Rumipamba, 3700-4000 m, CERON 29480 (QAP). Cayambe – Laguna San Marcos, 11 200 ft., CAZALET & PENNINGTON 5434 (K, NY, US). Cerro Imbabura, faldas occidentales, 2800-4000 m, ACOSTA-SOLÍS 17670 (US). Mun. Urcuquí, road to Cerro Yanaurcu, 78°18´45´´W, 00°28´13´´N, 4100 m, 15-X-2000, STANČÍK 4101 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 4089 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 4096 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 4161 (PRC, QCA). Mun. Cayambe, Volcano Cayambe, 78°01´40.4´´W, 00°00´4´´N, 4200 m, 20-X-2000, STANČÍK 4163 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 4164 (PRC, QCA). Loja. Road to Fierra Urcu, ca 10 km from main road Loa – Saraguro, 79º15’W, 03º33’S, LAEGAARD et al. 18868 (AAU, LOJA, QCA, QCNE); LAEGAARD & SKLENÁŘ 20282A (AAU, LOJA); SKLENÁŘ & LAEGAARD 7092 (AAU); 79°18´12´´W, 03°42´40´´S, 3400-3450 m, 24-VIII-2000, STANČÍK 3774 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3773 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3772 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3770 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3769 (PRC, QCA). Cerro de Arcos, W of road Manu – Zaruma, 79º28’W, 03º34’S, 3500-3600 m, LAEGAARD et al. 20613 (AAU, LOJA). Morona – Santiago. Hda. Huargualla – Hda. San Eduardo, way to PN Sangay, 78°27´W, 02°0.25´S, 3700 m, 30-VII-1999, STANČÍK 3327 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3326 (PRC, QCA). PN Sangay, Plazabamba, 78°26´W, 02°0.64´S, 3600 m, 20-VII-1999, STANČÍK 3337 (PRC, QCA). NP Sangay, confluence of Quebrada Plazabamba Chico with Q. Plazanbamba, 78°25.4´W, 02°0.48´S, 3000 m, 21-VII-1999, STANČÍK 3344 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3351 (PRC, QCA). Plaza Culebrillas. 01°58´S, 78°25’ W, swampy plate with grassy vegetation and shrubby patches, 3500 - 3600 m, 22-VII-1999, STANČÍK 3353 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3354 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3355 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3360 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3363 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3367 (PRC, QCA). Napo. Road Salcedo – Napo, ca 6 km NE of km 45, 3900 m, LAEGAARD 53373 (AAU, QCA, QCNE). Páramo de Miranda, 77º39’W, 00º34’N, 3700-3900 m, LAEGAARD 54409 (AAU, QCA, QCNE); 3900-4100 m, LAEGAARD 54416 (AAU, QCA, QCNE). Cerro Antisana, SW slope, 4200 m, BLACK 32 (AAU); below Laguna Micacocha, Páramo de Loma Gorda, 3850 m, HOLM-NIELSEN 20789 (AAU). W side of Volcano Puntos, 78º10’W, 00º12’S, 4150-4200 m, LAEGAARD 54731 (AAU). Pichincha. Volcano Pichincha, via occidental, 2800-3830 m, BARFORD & BLICHER-MATHIESEN 41546 (AAU, QCA, QCNE); 3500-5000 m, GENTRY 12378 (MO, QCA); Guagua Pichincha, 4000 m, HARLINGTON 4552 (S); 3500-4500 m, CERON 28250 (QAP); N slope, ca 5 km WSW of Cotocollao, 78º33’W, 00º08’S, SPARRE 13709 (S); SODIRO s.n. (QPLS); Pichincha - Cerro Ventanillas, 78º32’W, 00º09’S, 3850 m, LAEGAARD 51060 (AAU, QCA, QCNE); Lloa – Guagua Pichincha, km 10, 4170 m, LAEGAARD et al. 102733 (AAU, QCA, QCNE); SODIRO s.n. (QPLS); JAMESON 70 (K); Hacienda Montecielo on S slope, 3400-3800 m, SPARRE 17408 (S); JAMESON s.n., (K); JAMESON s.n. (K); 3400 m, ASPLUND 6134 (S); 8 500 ft., SPRUCE 5509 (K, P, US, W); SODIRO s.n. (US); 3700 m, BALSLEV 23600 (AAU); N slope, ca 5 km WSW Cotocollao, 3600-3750 m, SPARRE 13709 (AAU). Volcano Pasochoa, 78º30’W, 00º27’S, 3700-3900 m, LAEGAARD 55279 (AAU, BM, COL, F, GB, K, LOJA, MO, NY, QCA, QCNE, VEN, W); 3700-3900 m, LAEGAARD 55279 (COL, MO); 78º30’W, 00º27’S, 3900 m, LAEGAARD 55276 (AAU, QCA); 78º30’W, 00º27’S, 3600 m, LAEGAARD 55286 (AAU); 3000-3500 m, CERON & ALARCON 12260 (MO, PRC, QAP, QCNE); 3500-4300 m, CERON & ALARCON 4805 (QCNE); 78º28’W, 00º27’S, 2850-3900 m, PAREDES 41 (QCA); 3800 m, PENLAND & SUMMERS 969 (F). Páramo Papallacta, 3900 m, MAF 57 (AAU). Guamaní, 78º12’W, 01º19’S, 3600-3800 m, ASPLUND 8718 (QCA, S); 3200 m, MILLE s.n. (QPLS); MILLE 284 (US); ASPLUND 9634 (S); ASPLUND 8724 (MO, NY, QCA, S, US); 3900 m, ASPLUND 17176 (S); 4000 m, VARGAS et al. 2083 (AAU, MO, QCNE); RAMSAY 426 (K); 4200 m, QUINTANA 2 (QCA); 78º12’W, 00º15’S, 3800 m, RAMSAY & SMITH 742 (K, QCA, QCNE); 3800 m, HARLING et al. 10477 (GB). Andibus Quitensis, JAMESON s.n. (K, S); Vicinity of Quito, 3200 m, ASPLUND 6140 (S); Andibus Quitensis, Jameson s.n. (K); Quito – Andes, JAMESON 91 (K, W); 3500 m, ASPLUND 6138 (F, S). Volcano Antisana, falda W, 4200 m, EHRENBURG 191 (QCA); 4150 m, GRUBB et al. 656 (NY, K); W side, 78º12’W, 00º28’S, 4200 m, BALSLEV et al. 4070 (QCA); Hacianda de Antisana, HARTWEG 1455 (K, NY, US); between campamiento IMAP and Laguna Micacocha, 78º12’W, 00º33’S, 3850-3950 m, LAEGAARD 101577 (AAU). Between Mt. Antisana and Mt. Sincholagua, ASPLUND 8647 (NY, QCA, S); ASPLUND 8645 (S); ASPLUND 8644 (QCA, S). Road from Otavalo to Laguna Mojanda, 3810 m, SMITH J.F. 1997 (AAU, F, MO, NY, QCNE, US); SMITH 1999 (NY, QCA, QCNE); STANČÍK 4103 (PRC); 78º16’W, 00º08’S, 3725-3750 m, LAEGAARD 52373 (AAU, QCA); Laguna Negra, 78º16’W, 00º08’S, 3800 m, LAEGAARD 54351 (AAU, QCA, QCNE). Illiniza Sur, E slope, 78º42’W, 00º40’S, 4200 m, SKLENÁŘ & KOSTEČKOVÁ 14-9 (US). Illiniza Norte, 4000-4100 m, SPARRE 15781 (S). Mount Atacazo, 4700 m, HARTEMAN 67 (US); 78º37’W, 00º02’N, 4250 m, LAEGAARD 53871 (AAU, QCA, QCNE); 78º38’W, 00º20’S, 3750-3800 m, LAEGAARD 55672 (AAU, QCA), SW slope, km 19 from San Juan, 78º39’W, 00º21’S, 2900 m, HOLM-NIELSEN 25163 (AAU); 78º36’W, 00º20’S, 3600 m, ESPINOSA 81 (QCA). Road Chillogalo – San Juan, 78º39’W, 00º18’S, 3100-3260 m, JARAMILLO & ZAK 623 (AAU, BM, MO, PRC, QCA). Sincholagua, ASPLUND 8639 (QCA, S). Pululahua – San Bartolo al E de Moraspungo, 78º29’W, 00º01’S, 3050 m, CERON & MONTESDEOCA 12010 (QAP). Mont Ungui, 3400 m, FIRMIN 137 (F, US, W). El Corazon, 11 000 ft., PRESCOTT 834 (NY); PRESCOTT 839 (NY); PRESCOTT 848 (NY); 4100 m, ASPLUND 17522 (S); E side of Corazon, 13-14 000 ft., II-1880, WHYMPER 1322 (K). Pogonales de Pichincha, 13-V-1930, BENOIST 2515 (P). Mun. Pifo, páramo de Guamaní, 78°15´W, 00°19´S, 3700 m, 19-VI-1999, STANČÍK 3013 (PRC, QCA, W). Mun. Amaguaña, E slope of Volcano Pasochoa, 78°28´4O´W, 00°27´56´´S, 4150 m, 14-IX-2000, STANČÍK 3671 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3677 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3687 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3688 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3690 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3691 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3692 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3704 (PRC, QCA). Sucumbios. SW de Playon de San Francisco, Páramo Mirador, 3400-3600 m, PETERSON et al. 9155 (MO, QCA, QCNE, US). Tungurahua. Cordillera de Llanganatis, Lake Yanacocha, 3600 m, ASPLUND (9967); El Tambo near Lake Yanacocha, 3650 m, ASPLUND 9964 (S); PN Llanganatis, vía Salcedo – Tena; 3600 m, VARGAS et al. 2583 (MO, QCNE); Lake Aucacocha, 3700 m, VIII-1969, EDWARDS 70 (K); Las Tolas - 5 km SE of Laguna Pisayambo, 78º21’W, 01º07’S, 3700 m, LAEGAARD & GRIGNON 19395 (AAU, LOJA, QCA). Road Ambato – Guaranda, 78º51’W, 01º25’S, 4070 m, BRANDBYGE 42133 (AAU, QCA). Comunidad Rumipata, 78º55’W, 00º22’S, 4000 m, BRANBYGE 42586 (MO, AAU). Las Llanganatis, entre Ainchilibi y Río Portrero al E de Romo Páramo, 2500-3620 m, BARCLAY & JUAJIBIOY 9160 (COL, US); 3600-3700 m, BARCLAY & JUAJIBIOY 9142 (COL, MO, US). Cerro Sangay, 4000 m, STÜBEL 257 (S). Mun. Pillaro, Las Llanganatis,around Aucacocha lagoon, 78°20´W, 01°9´S, 3800 m, 28-IX-2000, STANČÍK 3901 (PRC, QCA); STANČÍK 3902 (PRC, QCA). Las llanganatis – Pisayambo, 78°20´W, 01°07´S, 3600 m, 28-IX-2000, STANČÍK 3900 (PRC, QCA). PERU. Amazonas. Prov. Chachapoyas, encima de Leimebamba, pajonal, 3400-3500 m, 17-III-1964, FERREYRA 15518 (US). Upper slope and summit of Cerro Campanário, 3600-3900 m, 3-VIII-1962, WURDACK 1571 (US). Ancash. Prov. Huaylas, Huascaran NP, quebrada Alpamayo at foot of snowfree peak above Lago Jancarirish, 77°41´W, 08°53´S, 4350-4500 m, 3-IX-1985, SMITH et al. 9783 (MO). Prov. R ecuay, Huascaran NP, Río Pachacoto drainage between mineral springs and Pumashimi, 77°17´W, 09°53´S, 4200-4300 m, 16-III-1986, SMITH et al. 11799 (MO). Prov. Yungay, Huascaran NP, Llanganuco sector, quebrada Demanda, trail to Chacraraju base camp and Brogue glacier, 77°36´W, 09°02´S, 4100-4400 m, 4-XII-1985, SMITH et al. 10253 (MO); 4500 m, 4-II-1985, SMITH et al. 10229 (MO). Cajamarca . Pr ov. Cajamarca, entre Cajamarca y Cumbe Mayo, km 14, al arboretum Cumbe Mayo de Cicafor, laderas graminosas, 3400 m, 18-IV-1981, VEGA et al. 2464 (F); Cumbe Mayo, 21 km al W de Cajamarca, ladera con arbustos dispersos, 3100 m, 4-XI-1977, VEGA 1969 (F). Bajando el Paso El Gavilan hacia San Juan, el E de la carretera Cajamarca – Pacasmayo, 3000 m, 18-V-1986, VEGA 4043 (F); 3200 m, 18-IV-1976, VEGA 1385 (F). Jalca de Kumullca, entre La Encanada y Celendin, jalca graminosa, 3600 m, 27-V-1977, VEGA et al. 2011 (F); humid jalca vegetation with tussock grasses, 78°15'W, 07°02'S, 26-VIII-2004, SKLENÁŘ & ZAPATA CRUZ 8630 (PRC). Coymolache ruta Cajamarca – Hualgalloc, jalca, graminosa, 3850 m, 7-I-1977, VEGA et al. 2052 (F). Prov. Hualgayoc, desvio de la carretera Coymolache – Chugur, jalca graminosa, 3700 m, 28-IV-1994, VEGA et al. 7062 (F). Pampa Larga, al N de la explotación minera Yanacocha, ladera graminosa de jalca, 3900 m, 14-V-1994, VEGA 7136 (F). Prov. Celendin, Sorochuco, Carretera Michiquillay - El Punre, jalca graminosa humeda, 78°18´W, 07°00´S, 3570 m, 9-VIII-2001, VEGA et al. 10904 (F). Prov. Cajamarca, Cajamarca - Bambamarca road, in puna, 78°33´W, 07°00´S, 3800 m, 17-II-1983, SMITH 3482 (K, MO). Prov. Celendin. Sorochuco. Carretera Michiquillay - El Punre, jalca graminosa humeda, 78°18´W, 07°00´S, 3570 m, 9-IX-2001, VEGA et al. 10906 (F). Prov. Hualgayoc. Coymolache, 78°38´W, 06°46´S, 4000 m, 15-VI-2001, VEGA et al. 10795 (F, MO); El Tingo, desvio a Chugur, cerca a la planta procesadora de minerals, jalca graminosa, 3350 m, 22-VII-1986, VEGA 4145 (F). Cuzco . P aso de Tres Cruces, Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 3800-3900 m, 5-III-1925, PENNELL 13845 (NY). Sacsahuaman, rocky stream-bank, 3500-3600 m, 24-IV-1925, PENNELL 13552 (NY). Prov. Espinar, Hda Cuyo, 4200-4500 m, 24-III-1956, VARGAS 11176 (US). Prov. Urubamba, large eroded rock “Maranqaqa” on Inca plaza called Capellanpampa, 72°03´W, 13°24´S, 3810 m, 12-I-1982, DAVIS et al. 1392 (K). La Libertad . Prov. Bolivar, ascenso al Nevado de Cajamarquilla, 77°42´W, 07°08´S, 3000 m, VEGA 11181 (F, MO). Entre el desvio a Uchumarca y Santa Luisa, 77°49´W, 07°04´S, 3700 m, VEGA 11190 (F, MO). Prov. Otuzco, Trujillo - Huamachuco road, 10-15 km before Shorey, 78°22´W, 07°59´S, 3300 m, 13-II-1983, SMITH et al. 3278 (MO). Prov. Pataz, grassland in Manachaqui valley, ca 10 km NE of Pataz, 77°30´W, 07°40´S, 3600 m, 22-III-1988, LEON & YOUNG 1679 (MO). Grassland in Manachaqui valley, ca 10 km NE of Pataz, 77°30´W, 07°40´S, 3600 m, 28-II-1988, LEON & YOUNG 1101 (MO). Prov. Sgo. De Chuco, al W of cementerio de Quiruvilca, ladera entre Lupinus sp., Puya sp., 3870 m, 21-V-2001, LEIVA & LEIVA 2525 (MO). Paso de Alaska, carretera a Tayabamba, en jalca, ladera abierta de gramineas, 3900 m, 24-VI-1974, LOPEZ LOPEZ & SAGASTEGUI 8180 (K, MO, US). San Martin. Pr ov. Huallaga, distr. Saposoa, entre la Artesa y Rangra Pata, jalca pedregosa, 3600-3800 m, 23-VIII-2001, QUIPUSCOA & VILCHEZ 2611 (F, MO). Prov. Mariscal Caceras, grassland in Pampa de Cuy, NW sector Río Abiseo NP, 77°30´W, 07°40´S, 3550 m, 3-VI-1988, LEON & YOUNG 1364 (MO); Chochos valley, NW corner of Río Abiseo NP, 3425 m, 31-V-1986, YOUNG & WATSON 3484 (MO).